First engine is allowed to run at constant speed and brake power of engine is measured when all four cylinder working. (IP1 + IP2 + IP3 + IP4) = (BP) 1234 + (FP) 1234  Where, IP- indicated power. BP – brake power develop. FP – frictional power.

1) To drive air motors in coal mines. 2) To inject fuel in air injection diesel engines. 3) To operate pneumatic drills, hammers, hoists, sand blasters. 4) For cleaning purposes. 5) To cool large buildings. 6) In the processing of food and farm maintenance. 7) For spray painting in paint industry. 8) In automobile & railway braking systems. 9) To operate air tools like air guns. 10) To hold & index cutting tools on machines like milling.

i) FAD – It is the volume of air delivered under the intake conditions of temperature and pressure.  ii) Compression ratio – It is defined as the ratio of absolute discharge pressure to the absolute inlet pressure.

Disadvantages of rolling bearing as compared to Journal Bearing: 1) Initial cost is very high 2) Noisy in normal operation. 3) Shock capacity is less. 4) Finite life due to failure by fatigue. 5) Dirt & metal chips can enter the bearing & may lead it to failure. 6) Occupies greater diametral space compared to journal bearing.

Bolt size will be M 30 or M32

Square threads

Square threads are the most commonly used thread form for the power screws. Following table gives you various thread forms and comparisons.